Debian Upgrade auf neuen Release
Quelle: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/update-upgrade-debian-9-to-debian-10-buster/
Upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 Buster
The procedure is as follows:
- Backup your system.
- Update existing packages and reboot the Debian 9.x system.
- Edit the file /etc/apt/sources.list using a text editor and replace each instance of stretch with buster.
- Update the packages index on Debian Linux, run: sudo apt update
- Prepare for the operating system upgrade, run: sudo apt upgrade
- Finally, update Debian 9 to Debian 10 buster by running: sudo apt full-upgrade
- Reboot the Linux system so that you can boot into Debian 10 Buster
- Verify that everything is working correctly.
Let us see all command in details.
Step 1. Backup your system
It is crucial to backup all data and system configurations. Cloud-based VMs can be quickly backup and restore using snapshots. I use rsnapshot, which is the perfect solution for making backups on the local or remote servers. Check os version in Linux:lsb_release -a
Sample outputs:
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 9.9 (stretch)
Release: 9.9
Codename: stretch
Note down the Linux kernel version too:uname -mrs
Sample outputs:
Linux 4.9.0-9-amd64 x86_64
Step 2. Update installed packages
Type the following apt command or apt-get command:sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt full-upgrade
sudo apt --purge autoremove
ORsudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get full-upgrade
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove
Reboot the Debian 9.x stretch to apply the kernel and other updates:sudo reboot
Step 3. Update /etc/apt/sources.list file
Before starting the upgrade you must reconfigure APT’s source-list files. To view current settings using the cat command:cat /etc/apt/sources.list
Sample outputs:
deb http://cdn-aws.deb.debian.org/debian stretch main deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main deb http://cdn-aws.deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main |
The stretch indicates that we are using an older version. Hence, we must change all the references in this file from Stretch to Buster using a text editor such as vim:vi /etc/apt/sources.list
I prefer to use sed tool, but first backup all config files using the cp command:sudo cp -v /etc/apt/sources.list /root/
sudo cp -rv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ /root/
sudo sed -i 's/stretch/buster/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i 's/stretch/buster/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
### see updated file now ###
cat /etc/apt/sources.list

Updating the package list
Simply run:sudo apt update
Step 4. Minimal system upgrade
A two-part process is necessary to avoid the removal of large numbers of packages that you want to keep. Therefore, first run the following:sudo apt upgrade
Just follow on-screen instructions. During the upgrade process, you may get various questions, like “Do you want to restart the service? ” OR “keep or erase config options” and so on.
And:
Step 5. Upgrading Debain 9 to Debian 10
In addition, minimum upgrades we need to do full upgrades to finish the whole Debian 9 to Debian 10 update process. This is the main part of the upgrade. In other words, execute the following command to perform a complete upgrade of the system, installing the newest available versions of all packages, and resolving all possible dependency:sudo apt full-upgrade
Reboot the Linux system to boot into Debian Linux 10 buster, issue:sudo reboot
Step 6. Verification
It is time to confirm the upgrade. Run:uname -r
lsb_release -a
Sample outputs:
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
Release: 10
Codename: buster
Finally, clean up outdated packages using the apt command/apt-get command:sudo apt --purge autoremove
Conclusion
And there you have it. We have successfully upgraded to Debian Linux 10. Debian project also posted an in-depth guide here that explains other issues one might face during installation.