Skip to main content

Debian Upgrade auf neuen Release

Quelle: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/update-upgrade-debian-9-to-debian-10-buster/

Upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 Buster

The procedure is as follows:

  1. Backup your system.
  2. Update existing packages and reboot the Debian 9.x system.
  3. Edit the file /etc/apt/sources.list using a text editor and replace each instance of stretch with buster.
  4. Update the packages index on Debian Linux, run: sudo apt update
  5. Prepare for the operating system upgrade, run: sudo apt upgrade
  6. Finally, update Debian 9 to Debian 10 buster by running: sudo apt full-upgrade
  7. Reboot the Linux system so that you can boot into Debian 10 Buster
  8. Verify that everything is working correctly.

Let us see all command in details.

Step 1. Backup your system

It is crucial to backup all data and system configurations. Cloud-based VMs can be quickly backup and restore using snapshots. I use rsnapshot, which is the perfect solution for making backups on the local or remote servers. Check os version in Linux:
lsb_release -a
Sample outputs:

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Debian
Description:	Debian GNU/Linux 9.9 (stretch)
Release:	9.9
Codename:	stretch

Note down the Linux kernel version too:
uname -mrs
Sample outputs:

Linux 4.9.0-9-amd64 x86_64

Step 2. Update installed packages

Type the following apt command or apt-get command:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt full-upgrade
sudo apt --purge autoremove

OR
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get full-upgrade
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

Reboot the Debian 9.x stretch to apply the kernel and other updates:
sudo reboot

Step 3. Update /etc/apt/sources.list file

Before starting the upgrade you must reconfigure APT’s source-list files. To view current settings using the cat command:
cat /etc/apt/sources.list
Sample outputs:

deb http://cdn-aws.deb.debian.org/debian stretch main
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main
deb http://cdn-aws.deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main

The stretch indicates that we are using an older version. Hence, we must change all the references in this file from Stretch to Buster using a text editor such as vim:
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
I prefer to use sed tool, but first backup all config files using the cp command:
sudo cp -v /etc/apt/sources.list /root/
sudo cp -rv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ /root/
sudo sed -i 's/stretch/buster/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i 's/stretch/buster/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
### see updated file now ###
cat /etc/apt/sources.list

How To Upgrade Debian 9 Stretch To Linux Debian 10 Buster
APT source-list files updated to use buster

 

Updating the package list

Simply run:
sudo apt update
Updating the package list

Step 4. Minimal system upgrade

A two-part process is necessary to avoid the removal of large numbers of packages that you want to keep. Therefore, first run the following:
sudo apt upgrade
Debian 9 to Debian 10 Minimal system upgrade
Just follow on-screen instructions. During the upgrade process, you may get various questions, like “Do you want to restart the service? ” OR “keep or erase config options” and so on.
Restart services during package upgrades without asking
And:
What do you want to do about modified config file

Step 5. Upgrading Debain 9 to Debian 10

In addition, minimum upgrades we need to do full upgrades to finish the whole Debian 9 to Debian 10 update process. This is the main part of the upgrade. In other words, execute the following command to perform a complete upgrade of the system, installing the newest available versions of all packages, and resolving all possible dependency:
sudo apt full-upgrade
How to upgrade Debian 9 to Debian 10 Buster using the CLI
Reboot the Linux system to boot into Debian Linux 10 buster, issue:
sudo reboot

Step 6. Verification

It is time to confirm the upgrade. Run:
uname -r
lsb_release -a

Sample outputs:

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Debian
Description:	Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
Release:	10
Codename:	buster

Finally, clean up outdated packages using the apt command/apt-get command:
sudo apt --purge autoremove
How to Upgrade Debian 9 Stretch to Debian 10 Buster

Conclusion

And there you have it. We have successfully upgraded to Debian Linux 10. Debian project also posted an in-depth guide here that explains other issues one might face during installation.